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Toolbox Library, primary resources thematically organized with notes and discussion questionsOnline Seminars, professional development seminars for history and literature teachersMaking the Revolution: America, 1763-1791
Making the Revolution: America, 1763-1791
Theme: Crisis Theme: Rebellion Theme: War Theme: IndependenceTheme: Constitution
Theme - War: 1775-1783


WAR

Framing Questions
  • How did Patriot leadership—military, diplomatic, and governmental—promote and hinder the war effort?
  • How did the war affect Patriots, Loyalists, Indians, African Americans, and women? How were power relationships changed?
  • How were decisions by Britain and France critical to the outcome of the war?
  • Was victory the last achievement of the thirteen colonies or the first achievement of the new nation?


1.  Anticipating War» Text Links / Note / Discussion Questions

- Edmund Burke, speech to Parliament on reconciliation with America, 1775, selections
- Benjamin Franklin, letters on the prospects of reconciliation and the beginning of war, 1775-1776

2.  Committing to War» Text Links / Note / Discussion Questions

- A Loyalist's address to the American soldiers: Peter Oliver, letter to the Massachusetts Gazette, January 1776, selections
- A Patriot's address to the American soldiers: Thomas Paine, The American Crisis, #1, December 1776

3.  Leading the War» Text Links / Note / Discussion Questions

- Correspondence of George Washington as Commander in Chief, 1775-1778, selections
- Portraits (3) of George Washington as Commander in Chief, 1779, 1780, 1785
- Military broadsides of the Revolution (9), 1775-1778

4.  Sustaining the War» Text Links / Note / Discussion Questions

- Pacifying Indians on the frontier: three documents, 1776-1778, excerpts
- Recruiting enslaved blacks into the army: six documents, 1776-1781, excerpts
- Predicting Britain's response to the U.S. alliance with France: letters of Benjamin Franklin and the American negotiators, 1778
- Requesting state aid for the army: Washington's appeal to the governor of Pennsylvania, 1780
- Announcing the treason of Benedict Arnold: Washington's statement to the Continental Army, 1780

5.  Reporting the War» Text Links / Note / Discussion Questions

- Broadsides (7) reporting news of the war, 1776-1783
- Broadside on a parade condemning the treason of Benedict Arnold, 1780

6.  Fighting the War» Text Links / Note / Discussion Questions

- Pension narratives of Revolutionary War veterans, 1830s, selections
- Philip Freneau, The British Prison Ship, poem, 1781, selection
- Boyrereau Brinch, enslaved black soldier in the American army, narrative selections
- Boston King, fugitive slave in the British army, narrative selections

7.  Living the War» Text Links / Note / Discussion Questions

- Margaret Hill Morris, Quaker widow in New Jersey, journal selections, 1776-1777
- Molly Gutridge, Massachusetts, "A New Touch of the Times," poem, 1779
- Mary Jemison (Dehgewanus), white Seneca adoptee in New York, narrative selections, 1779-1780
- Eliza Yonge Wilkinson, planter's daughter in South Carolina, letter selections, 1780
- Esther De Berdt Reed, Sentiments of an American Woman, broadside, 1780
- Anna Rawle, Loyalist's daughter in Philadelphia, journal selections, 1781

8.  Losing the War» Text Links / Note / Discussion Questions

- British satirical rebuses (2) on the U.S. alliance with France, 1778
- British cartoons (4) on Britain's defeat in the war, 1782
- Loyalists and the defeat of Britain: selections from letters, narratives, petitions, and poetry, 1782-1786

9.  Winning the War» Text Links / Note / Discussion Questions

- Governors' appeals for citizen unity in the war effort, 1780-1781, selections
- Satirical epitaph for King George III after the defeat of Britain, broadside, 1782
- Benjamin Franklin, letters from Paris on the peace process, 1781-1784
- Maps
- 1783: The United States of America (Sayer)
- 1784: Bowles's New Pocket Map of the United States of America




Images:
– Amos Doolittle, A View of the South Part of Lexington, 1775 (detail), print #4 of series Battles of Lexington and Concord, colored etchings/engravings, 1775. Courtesy of the New York Public Library, Digital ID 54390.
Reddition de l'Armée angloises commandée par Mylord Comte de Cornwallis . . . [Surrender of the English army . . .], hand-colored engraving, Paris, 1781 (detail). Courtesy of the Library of Congress, Geography & Map Division, G3884.Y6S3 1781 .M6 Vault.
– John Trumbull, Surrender of Lord Cornwallis, oil on canvas, 1820 (detail of Washington and American troops). Courtesy of the U.S. Capitol.
– Treaty of Paris, 1783, final page with signatures (detail). Courtesy of the U.S. National Archives.





WAR
1. Anticipating War 2. Committing to War 3. Leading the War
4. Sustaining the War 5. Reporting the War 6. Fighting the War
7. Living in War 8. Losing the War 9. Winning the War




TOOLBOX: Making the Revolution: America, 1763-1791
Crisis | Rebellion | War | Independence | Constitution



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